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Studies

Clum & Clum (1973): study US 1971

Publication

Author(s):
Clum, G.A.; Clum, J.
Title:
Choice of Defense Mechanisms and Their Relationship to Mood Level
Source:
Psychological Reports, 1973, Vol. 32, 507 - 510

Investigation

Public
Undergrates, San Diego State College, USA, 197?
Sample
Respondents
N = 55
Non Response
Assessment
Questionnaire: Paper & Pencil Interview (PAPI)

Happiness Measure(s) and Distributional Findings

Full text:
Self report on single question, answered every evening before retiring during six weeks (experience sampling)

"On average;  how elated or depressed,  happy or unhappy you felt today....?
10  Complete elation, rapturous joy and soaring ecstasy
9    Very elated and in very high spirits.   Tremendous
      delight and buoyancy
8    Elated and in high spirits
7    Feeling very good and cheerful
6    Feeling pretty good , "OK"
5    Feeling a little bit low. Just so-so
4    Spirits low and somewhat 'blue'
3    Depressed and feeling very low.
      Definitely 'blue'
2    Tremendously depressed.
      Feeling terrible, really miserable, "just awful"
1    Utter depression and gloom. Completely down.
      All is black and leaden. Wish it were all over.

Name:  Wessman & Ricks'  `Elation - depression scale'
Classification:
A-ARE-md-sqr-v-10-b
Author's label:
Mood

Correlational Findings

Author's label Subject Description Finding Defense mechanisms